Were there nativists who hated Catholics and who feared that the Pope wanted to seize control of their city or state? Yes. Were there anti-Catholics who supported public schools? Yes. He asked the Legislature to fund the Catholic “public schools,” as it was funding the Protestant “public schools,” but the legislature refused. The founders of the PSS tried to reach a compromise, but Bishop Hughes insisted on creating a separate system of Catholic schools. Bishop Hughes insisted that Catholic children should be taught only in Catholic schools, where they would read the Catholic Bible, learn Catholic prayers, and sing Catholic hymns. Like all schools at the time, the schools of the PSS used the Protestant Bible in their classrooms and had daily prayers. The children of the poor had no schooling until the turn of the 19th-century, when philanthropic societies began to organize rudimentary “charity schools” for the poor.Īs I showed in my history of the New York City public schools ( The Great School Wars), the city’s Catholic Bishop John Hughes (later Archbishop) adamantly objected to the schools of the Public School Society, a private group founded by Quakers. There were a few religious schools, for those who could pay for them. Schooling was available to the wealthy, who hired private tutors, and to those who could afford to send their children to a “dame school,” where a woman instructed young children in her home. The truth is that very few children of any faith attended school in the 18th-century.
#Liberal crime squad 4.10 plus
The schools, like the parents who supported them, were diverse in curriculum and their religious outlook, including every shade of Protestantism, plus Judaism, Catholicism, deism and religious indifference.” “The shared civic culture of 18th-century America was highly civilized, and it developed entirely in private schools. He paints an idyllic portrait of 18th century schools, which is a fantasy of his own creation. Families wanted their children to be able to read the Bible, and many wanted their sons to have the skills needed to work as clerks or in other non-agricultural work. The parents and communities who established common schools were not thinking about stamping out Catholicism. The earliest public schools, called “common schools,” were organized in the early 19th-century in small towns and villages by families who wanted their children to gain literacy and numeracy. He repeatedly asserts that the very idea of the public school was shaped by hostility to Catholics.
Hamburger’s central critique of the public schools is that they were created by nativists out of fear of Catholicism and their central purpose was to homogenize all children and mold them into Protestants. As a historian of education who has written about these issues, I disagree with his analysis.
The WSJ article by law professor Philip Hamburger asserting that public schools are unconstitutional relies on dubious assertions about the history of public schools.
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